Scientific research
As the psychedelic renaissance continues to advance, more and more scientific research is emerging supporting the emotional, psychological and physical benefits of 5-MeO-DMT.
2021
JACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
Kargbo. 2021
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Ermakova, A. O., Dunbar, F., Rucker, J., & Johnson, M. W. 2021
5-MeO-DMT is a potentially useful addition to the psychedelic pharmacopoeia because of its short duration of action, relative lack of visual effects and putatively higher rates of ego-dissolution and mystical experiences. We conclude that further clinical exploration is warranted, using similar precautions as with other classic psychedelics.
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Siegel, A. N., Meshkat, S., Benitah, K., Lipsitz, O., Gill, H., Lui, L. M. W., Teopiz, K. M., McIntyre, R. S., & Rosenblat, J. D. 2021
•70 registered studies investigating psychedelics for psychiatric disorders were identified.
2020
Experimental Neurology
Winne, J., Boerner, B. C., Malfatti, T., Brisa, E., Doerl, J., Nogueira, I., Leão, K. E., & Leão, R. N. 2020
•Salicylate causes anxiety only when animals are normal-hearing naïve to tinnitus;
•Type 2 theta in anxiety spreads from the ventral hippocampus to the medial prefrontal cortex;
•Type 2 theta and slow gamma are complementary, encoding safety and danger, respectively, during anxiety;
•5-MeO-DMT can prevent anxiety driven by tinnitus.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
Lancelotta, & Davis, A. K. 2020
ACS Omega
Sherwood, Claveau, R., Lancelotta, R., Kaylo, K. W., & Lenoch, K. 2020
2019
Psychopharmacology
Uthaug, Lancelotta, R., van Oorsouw, K., Kuypers, K. P. ., Mason, N., Rak, J., Šuláková, A., Jurok, R., Maryška, M., Kuchař, M., Páleníček, T., Riba, J., & Ramaekers, J. . 2019
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Davis, So, S., Lancelotta, R., Barsuglia, J. P., & Griffiths, R. R. 2019
2018
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
Lima da Cruz, Moulin, T. C., Petiz, L. L., & Leão, R. N. 2018
Progress in Brain Research
Barsuglia, J. P., Polanco, M., Palmer, R., Malcolm, B. J., Kelmendi, B., & Calvey, T. 2018
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Davis, A. K., Barsuglia, J. P., Lancelotta, R., Grant, R. M., & Renn, E. 2018
Poster session presented at the Annual Poster Symposium of the Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Baltimore
Cox, K. E., Moshman, S. A., Barsuglia, J. P., Lancelotta, R., & Davis, A. K. 2018
Frontiers in Psychology
Barsuglia, Davis, A. K., Palmer, R., Lancelotta, R., Windham-Herman, A.-M., Peterson, K., Polanco, M., Grant, R., & Griffiths, R. R. 2018
2017
Scientific Reports
Dakic, Minardi Nascimento, J., Costa Sartore, R., Maciel, R. de M., de Araujo, D. B., Ribeiro, S., Martins-de-Souza, D., & Rehen, S. K. 2017
2014
PloS One
Szabo, Kovacs, A., Frecska, E., & Rajnavolgyi, E. 2014
The orphan receptor sigma-1 (sigmar-1) is a transmembrane chaperone protein expressed in both the central nervous system and in immune cells. It has been shown to regulate neuronal differentiation and cell survival, and mediates anti-inflammatory responses and immunosuppression in murine in vivo models. Since the details of these findings have not been elucidated so far, we studied the effects of the endogenous sigmar-1 ligands N,N-dimethyltryptamine (NN-DMT), its derivative 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and the synthetic high affinity sigmar-1 agonist PRE-084 hydrochloride on human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDCs) activation provoked by LPS, polyI:C or pathogen-derived stimuli to induce inflammatory responses. Co-treatment of moDC with these activators and sigma-1 receptor ligands inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and the chemokine IL-8, while increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The T-cell activating capacity of moDCs was also inhibited, and dimethyltryptamines used in combination with E. coli or influenza virus as stimulators decreased the differentiation of moDC-induced Th1 and Th17 inflammatory effector T-cells in a sigmar-1 specific manner as confirmed by gene silencing. Here we demonstrate for the first time the immunomodulatory potential of NN-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT on human moDC functions via sigmar-1 that could be harnessed for the pharmacological treatment of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions of the CNS or peripheral tissues. Our findings also point out a new biological role for dimethyltryptamines, which may act as systemic endogenous regulators of inflammation and immune homeostasis through the sigma-1 receptor.
2012, 2011, 2010
Psychopharmacology
Halberstadt, Nichols, D. E., & Geyer, M. A. 2012
Neuropharmacology
van den Buuse, M., Ruimschotel, E., Martin, S., Risbrough, V. B., & Halberstadt, A. L. 2011
van den Buuse, M., Ruimschotel, E., Martin, S., Risbrough, V. B., & Halberstadt, A. L. (2011). Enhanced effects of amphetamine but reduced effects of the hallucinogen, 5-MeO-DMT, on locomotor activity in 5-HT1A receptor knockout mice: implications for schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology, 61(1-2), 209-216.
Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery
Wojick, Langan, J. N., & Mitchell, M. A. 2010
Toads in the genus Bufo are commonly kept in pet, research, and zoological settings and may require anesthesia during veterinary care. Limited information is available comparing anesthetic protocols in most amphibian species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and cardiopulmonary effects of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and propofol in Sonoran desert toads (Bufo alvarius). Nine juvenile Sonoran desert toads were anesthetized with an immersion bath of 1 g/L MS-222 and 35 mg/kg intracoelomic propofol with a minimum 2-wk wash-out period between trials. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and reflexes (righting, escape, corneal, superficial pain, and deep pain) were monitored every 5 min for the first 90 min and then every 10 min for the next 90 min during both anesthetic trials. Surgical anesthesia was defined as complete loss of all measured reflexes. MS-222 produced surgical anesthesia in 100% (9/9) of toads, whereas propofol produced surgical anesthesia in 11.1% (1/9). Mean induction time for the MS-222 trial was 19.9 min (SD: 5.4, Min–Max: 13–30), with mean duration of surgical anesthesia 23.9 min (SD: 10.8, Min–Max: 10–42). Mean recovery time after removal from the MS-222 bath was 85.3 min (SD: 18.5, Min–Max: 60–110). Righting reflex was lost in all animals in the propofol trial at a mean of 23.9 min (SD: 5.5, Min–Max: 20–35) following administration. A single animal in the propofol trial reached a surgical plane of anesthesia at 25 min post-administration, with surgical anesthesia lasting for 50 min. Mean time to recovery following administration of propofol was 145 min (SD: 47.2, Min–Max: 60–180); one toad was not fully recovered at the end of the monitoring period. Heart rate was not found to significantly (P > 0.05) change from baseline at any monitoring point for either anesthetic protocol. Respiratory rate was found to decrease significantly (P < 0.05) at all time points between 5 and 65 min in the MS-222 trial and between 10 and 130 min in the propofol trial. MS-222 at 1 g/L immersion was found to reliably produce surgical anesthesia in Sonoran desert toads with a faster onset of action and recovery when compared to propofol administered intracoelomically at 35 mg/kg.
Wojick, Langan, J. N., & Mitchell, M. A. (2010). Evaluation of MS-222 (Tricaine Methanesulfonate) and Propofol as Anesthetic Agents in Sonoran Desert Toads (Bufo alvarius). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery, 20(2), 79–83.
2006, 2002
Psychopharmacology
Krebs-Thomson, Ruiz, E. M., Masten, V., Buell, M., & Geyer, M. A. 2006
5-MeO-DMT decreased locomotor activity, investigatory behavior, the time spent in the center of the BPM chamber, and disrupted PPI. All of these effects were antagonized by WAY-100635 pretreatment. M100907 pretreatment failed to attenuate any of these effects, while SER-082 pretreatment only antagonized the PPI disruption produced by 5-MeO-DMT.
Krebs-Thomson, Ruiz, E. M., Masten, V., Buell, M., & Geyer, M. A. (2006). The roles of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors in the effects of 5-MeO-DMT on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition in rats. Psychopharmacology, 189(3), 319–329.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Weil, A. T., & Davis, W. 2002
Anthropologists have long speculated that ancient peoples of Mesoamerica used a toad, Bufo marinus, as a ritual intoxicant. This hypothesis rests on many iconographic and mythological representations of toads and on a number of speculative ethnographic reports. The authors reject B. marinus as a candidate for such use because of the toxicity of its venom. A more likely candidate is the Sonoran desert toad, Bufo alvarius, which secretes large amounts of the potent known hallucinogen, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). The authors demonstrate that the venom of B. alvarius, although known to be toxic when consumed orally, may be safely smoked and is powerfully psychoactive by that route of administration. These experiments are the first documentation of an hallucinogenic agent from the animal kingdom, and they provide clear evidence of a psychoactive toad that could have been employed by Precolumbian peoples of the New World.
Weil, A. T., & Davis, W. (2002, November 8). Bufo alvarius: A potent hallucinogen of animal origin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
1978
Neuropharmacology
Stoff, D. M., Gorelick, D. A., Bozewicz, T., Bridger, W. H., Gillin, J. C., & Wyatt, R. J. 1978
The indole hallucinogenic drugs, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), had a different psychopharmacological profile from mescaline on rat shuttlebox avoidance; the differences were strain and/or baseline-dependent. N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-MeO-DMT shared dose response disruptive effects with mescaline on avoidance behaviour in two rat strains who were performing the conditioned avoidance response at a high baseline (i.e. during acqusition in Fischer 344s—Experiment 1; on pretrained good performing hooded rats—Experiment 2). N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-MeO-DMT were without an effect when the baseline conditioned avoidance response was low (i.e. during acquisition in Zivic-Millers, Hoods or Roman Low Avoiders—Experiment 1; on pretrained poorly performing hooded rats—Experiment 2) but mescaline was facilitatory in these situations. There were strain-related differences in sensitivity to the drugs with Roman High Avoiders insensitive to DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and mescaline, while Fischer 344s were the most sensitive to these three drugs. The relative potency of these three hallucinogens in disrupting avoidance behavior (5-MeO-DMT > DMT > mescaline), in terms of mg/kg paralleled reports of their relative potency on central serotonergic activity. The facilitatory effect produced by mescaline, but not produced by DMT nor 5-MeO-DMT, may be related to the findings that mescaline has a stronger action on the catecholaminergic system than the indoles.
Stoff, D. M., Gorelick, D. A., Bozewicz, T., Bridger, W. H., Gillin, J. C., & Wyatt, R. J. (1978). The indole hallucinogens, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), have different effects from mescaline on rat shuttlebox avoidance. Neuropharmacology, 17(12), 1035-1040.